The Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection in the current structure was founded on 1 October 2013 at the initiative of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova by fusing of the Institute of Genetics and Plant Physiology of the ASM and the Institute of Plant Protection and Ecological Agriculture of the ASM in accordance with Government Decision No. 270 of 04.18.2013.
The merged Institutes hold a history of several decades founded on recognized scientific achievements in the country and abroad.
The Institute of Genetics and Plant Physiology of the ASM was founding in 2005 by fusing of the Institute of Genetics and Plant Physiology of the ASM, Department of Aromatic and Medicinal Plants of the Research Institute for Maize and Sorghum «Porumbeni». Theoretical bases of research in genetics and plant breeding were confirmed by establishing the Institute of Ecological Genetics in 1985, which in 1991 was renamed into the Institute of Genetics of the ASM. The researches in Plant Physiology and Biochemistry have been consolidated in the Institute of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, founded in 1960 and renamed in 1991 into the Institute of Plant Physiology.
The history of the Institute of Plant Protection and Ecological Agriculture of the ASM has begun since 1969 when the All-Union Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection was set up. The founding of the Institute was conditioned by the need to develop alternative methods to chemical plant protection and to reduce the dangerous impact of chimization in agriculture. For over forty years the Institute has undergone certain restructurings being named as follows: All-Union Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection (1969 – 1992), the Institute of Biological Plant Protection of the ASM (1992 – 1999), the Research Institute for Plant Protection of the Ministery of Agriculture and Food Industry (1999 – 2005).
Since 2019, in accordance with the Decision of the Government of the Republic of Moldova no. 50 from 16.01.2018 about the activity of some public organizations in the fields of research and innovation, the founder of the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection was the Ministry of Education and Research, the name of the institute being modified by excluding the reference to the Academy of Sciences of Moldova.
According to the Decision of the Government of the Republic of Moldova no. 485 from 13.07.2022, regarding the reorganization through merging (absorption) of some institutions in the fields of education, research and innovation, the Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection is in subordinate of the Moldova State University.